S-curve with a hole data set.

Simulation data randomly sampled from an S-shaped curve with a hole.

Usage

s_curve_hole(n_samples = 100, noise = 0)

Arguments

n_samples

The number of points to create making up the S-shaped curve. Fewer than n_samples points will be returned because some are removed to make the hole.

noise

Add random noise normally-distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation noise.

Value

Data frame with x, y, z columns containing the coordinates of the points and color the RGB color.

Details

Creates a series of points sampled from an S-shaped curve in 3D, with optional normally-distributed noise. The S shape is oriented such that you should be able to see it if you plot the X and Z columns. There is a circular hole in the middle of the curve, centered at Y = 1.

Points are colored based on their distance along the curve.

This data set is based on s_curve() and is used to assess the behavior of the PaCMAP method of Wang and co-workers (2021).

References

Wang, Y., Huang, H., Rudin, C., & Shaposhnik, Y. (2021). Understanding how dimension reduction tools work: an empirical approach to deciphering t-SNE, UMAP, TriMAP, and PaCMAP for data visualization. J Mach. Learn. Res, 22, 1-73.

See also

the PaCMAP homepage.